稀土石膏常压酸化法制备硫酸钙晶须的研究

以含稀土的石膏为原料运用常压酸化法合成硫酸钙晶须,探讨了不同工艺条件对生成的硫酸钙晶须形貌的影响,同时还考察了晶型助长剂的种类和晶型助长剂的含量对硫酸钙晶须生长的影响,利用SEM和XRD分别对硫酸钙晶须的表面形貌、物相特征做了表征分析。实验得到制备硫酸钙晶须的最佳的反应条件：稀土石膏质量浓度为0.22 g/mL、反应时间为25 min、盐酸浓度为2.8 mol/L、反应温度为70 ℃、陈化时间为4 h,在此条件下合成的硫酸钙晶须平均长度为61 μm,平均长径比为30.5;通过对比实验选出了CuCl₂作为促进硫酸钙晶须生长的助长剂,在添加5%（质量分数）的CuCl₂的情况下可使硫酸钙晶须长径比从30.5增至41,长度从61 μm增至81 μm。     

Hydrogenation process in multiphase alloys of Ti-Zr-Mn-V system on the example of Ti42.75Zr27Mn20.25V10 alloy

The influence of phase composition and microstructure of Ti_42.75Zr₂₇Mn_20.25V₁₀ alloy on its hydrogenation kinetic and phase composition of hydrogenated product was studied. It is established that the process of dissociation of hydrogen molecules begins on the surface of Laves phase crystallites. The dissolution of atomic hydrogen in the material volume leads to the formation of cracks in the intermetallic crystallites, which further appear as additional centers of dissociation of hydrogen molecules and noticeably accelerate the diffusion of hydrogen into the bulk material. It was shown that the Laves phase acts as a donor of atomic hydrogen for the BCC solid solution during hydrogenation of two-phase structure, initiating intensive hydrogenation of the BCC phase at room temperature.     

规整有机分子自聚集体对铜的高效缓蚀的研究

通过多步法合成了离子型含双苯并三氮唑环的目标分子，4，4'-{苯-1，3-二基二[(1E)-3-羰基丙-1-烯-1，3-二基]}二[2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯醇酸]二钾。在室温条件下，目标分子在3.5%（质量）NaCl/DMSO（二甲基亚枫）混合溶液 （体积比：40/60） 中能够发生分子自组装产生纳-微米级的自聚集体。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 （FT-IR）、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱 （XPS） 的表征，证实了所形成的目标分子自聚集体能够对铜表面产生强烈的化学吸附作用，在铜表面形成自组装膜。利用电化学方法测定了目标分子自聚集体吸附在铜表面形成自组装膜后，在3.5%（质量）NaCl溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明目标分子自聚集体在NaCl溶液中能高效地抑制铜腐蚀。     

不同粒径改性粉煤灰对磷酸根吸附性能的影响

废水排放过量的磷导致水体污染日益严重，将粉煤灰通过化学改性制备成了水化硅酸钙吸附剂，研究了改性吸附剂对磷酸根的吸附效果。利用XRD, SEM及BET比表面积等手段对粒度分级前后的吸附剂进行表征，研究不同粒级吸附剂对磷酸根的吸附性能，并考察其吸附机理。结果表明，不同粒级的吸附剂其化学成分出现了明显的偏析现象，孔隙结构也差异显著。相比其他粒径下的吸附剂颗粒，颗粒粒径在50?75 μm时，吸附剂中钙和硅含量较多，铝、铁和镁含量较低，水化硅酸钙组分含量最高，且伴有含铝的托贝莫来石晶体出现，钙离子的增加使其可以与更多的磷酸根结合形成沉淀。同时此粒径下具有较高的比表面积及孔隙度，疏松多孔的结构为钙离子提供更多活性位点。当使用粒径在50?75 μm的吸附剂吸附磷酸根时，磷的饱和吸附量可达到17.1 mg/g，比未分级的吸附剂高19.58%。     

Investigation on the effectiveness of the repair method 8.3 “Corrosion protection by increasing the electrical resistivity” in chloride-containing concrete Part 2: Chloride redistribution in concrete after application of a system sealing surface protective coating

This DFG-funded research project aimed to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of the W-Cl repair principle within the framework of fundamental investigations, to contribute to the creation of the necessary basis for a broader application of the repair principle in practice. The focus was on the development of a model to describe the chloride redistribution after the application of a system sealing surface protective coating. On the basis of Fick's second law of diffusion, a mathematical model with a self-contained analytical solution was developed, with the help of which the chloride redistribution after application of a system sealing surface protective coating can be calculated under the idealized assumption of complete water saturation of the concrete. Furthermore, the influence of the dehydration of the concrete, expected as a result of the application of the repair principle W-Cl, on the chloride redistribution was investigated. On the basis of laboratory tests and numerical simulations, material-specific reduction functions were developed to quantify the relationship between the chloride diffusion coefficient and the ambient humidity.     

-15℃下Na+， K+， Mg2+//Cl-， NO3-， SO42——H2O体系相平衡研究

新疆卤水硝酸盐矿主要含有Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-六种离子，属于高元复杂体系，其合理利用和开发需要不同温度下的相平衡研究作为理论支撑。采用等温溶解平衡法，对Na⁺， K⁺， Mg²⁺//Cl^-， NO₃^-， SO₄^2--H₂O体系在-15℃、NaCl·2H₂O饱和条件下的相平衡进行了研究，并构建了相图。相图中有六个零变量点和八个两盐结晶区，只存在一种复盐KCl·MgCl₂·6H₂O。八个两盐结晶区，分别对应于NaCl·2H₂O+Na₂SO₄·10H₂O、NaCl·2H₂O+NaNO₃、NaCl·2H₂O+KCl、NaCl·2H₂O+KNO₃、NaCl·2H₂O+MgSO₄·7H₂O、NaCl·2H₂O+MgCl₂·8H₂O、NaCl·2H₂O+Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O和NaCl·2H₂O+KCl·MgCl₂·6H₂O，其中NaCl·2H₂O+Na₂SO₄·10H₂O共晶区最大，在低温时，硫酸钠的溶解度最小，降温过程中较易结晶析出。与该体系在25℃下的相图相比，复盐种类减少5种，零变量点减少19个，相关系得以极大简化。     

高强WSTi544221合金组织与性能研究

研究了轧制变形量对WSTi544221合金棒材显微组织和力学性能的影响,并对Φ10 mm规格的棒材进行不同制度的固溶+时效处理,对比了不同热处理状态下棒材的组织和力学性能。结果表明,随着轧制变形量的增大,WSTi544221合金棒材的晶粒细化程度增大,强度逐渐提高,但塑性变化不大。经870℃×1 h/WC+520℃×6 h/AC固溶+时效处理后,强度与塑性可以获得良好匹配,当抗拉强度达到1 610 MPa、屈服强度达到1 531 MPa时,延伸率和断面收缩率可分别保持在12%和43%。     

Stability and cytotoxicity study of NiFe2O4 nanocomposites synthesized by co-precipitation and subsequent thermal annealing

In this article, NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by co-precipitation method with subsequent thermal annealing leading to obtainment NPs with average sizes of 78 nm. Structure and magnetic analysis were performed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques. Stability of NiFe₂O₄ NPs was evaluated in PBS solution during 20 days. The toxicity of prepared NPs was evaluated in vitro using different cancer cell lines: HeLa (cervical cancer cell), PC-3 (prostate cancer cell). Fibroblasts like cells of L929 obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of mouse were used as normal cells. Results indicate successful synthesis of NiFe₂O₄ NPs that exhibit low cytotoxicity in concentration range from 1 to 100 μg/ml. Presented physical and biological results indicate the possibility of application investigated magnetic nanoparticles in hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging or cell separation.